NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are commonly-used pain-reliever and fever-reducer. Ibuprophen (Motrin, Advil) and Naproxen (Aleve) are examples of NSAIDs. They act by inhibiting the actions of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (cox-1, cox-2), which inhibits the formation of prostaglandins. However, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in stomach increases secretion of gastric acid and reduces mucus secretion. Thus, one of the adverse effects of NSAIDs is stomach irritation or ulcers. Selective cox-2 inhibitors are thought to reduce side-effects on GI (gastrointestinal) tract because only cox-1 produces prostaglandins that protect the stomach. Other side-effects of NSAIDs include prolonged bleeding time, increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) , altered renal function, etc. Asprin, also an NSAID, is rarely used in a sports medicine setting.
