Our body can take so much stress before it breaks down. When outside stress put on the body exceeds the limit, that is when an injury happen. For example, if you fall on your arm, the arm feels some amount of force depending on how hard you fall. When the force is more than what the arm can take in a single impact, an arm bone breaks.
However, this is not the only way an injury happens. It may not happen as a result of a single impact. It may develop over a period of time such as stress fractures. Stress fractures are caused by repetitive stress put on the body. For long distance runners, a bone feels some force, when running, that is not strong enough to cause an injury right away. But that force will be accumulated over a long period of time and exceeds the limit. Bones go through cycles of bone breakdown and bone build-up. However, if they do not get enough time for re-building, they become susceptible for injury.
Our body does need some time for recovery. Balancing practice and rest is an important key to prevent injuries.
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